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Types of Bearing Pads for Bridge and Structural Support
 

1. Elastomeric Bearing Pad
Elastomeric bearing pads are used in bridge construction and structural engineering to support heavy loads while allowing controlled movement and vibration damping. These rubber-based pads can compress and deform without losing strength. Common variations include plain elastomeric pads, steel-reinforced elastomeric pads, and fiberglass-reinforced pads. They are suitable for both highway bridges and buildings that require flexible load transfer.

2. Sliding Bearing Pad (Sliding Elastomeric Pad)
Sliding bearing pads, also called S-pads, reduce friction between two surfaces and enable horizontal or translational movement. These bearings are made from elastomeric materials combined with metal plates. Lubricants are required for smooth movement. Ideal for bridge spans longer than 16 meters, sliding pads allow for thermal expansion and contraction in large structures.

3. Pin and Rocker Bearing
Pin and rocker bearings are traditional bridge bearings designed for both rotational and horizontal movements. This system includes a steel pin that fits into a base and a rocker that sits on top, allowing for smooth load transfer. These are often found in older steel bridges and require frequent inspection to prevent corrosion and performance loss.

4. Disc Bearing Pad
Disc bearing pads consist of multiple steel discs arranged between a structure’s base and its load-bearing surface. These pads are commonly used in bridge and building applications to distribute vertical loads and accommodate limited rotational movement. They help minimize structural stress and deformation under heavy loads.

5. Roller Bearing Pad
Roller bearings are commonly used in steel bridges and large concrete structures to reduce vibration and noise. Made from soft elastomeric materials, they are ideal for settings that experience constant movement or temperature fluctuations. Available in single or multiple roller designs, they offer flexible solutions for various structural demands.

6. Curved Bearing Pad
Curved bearing pads are made of synthetic rubber and designed to absorb impacts from moving loads, such as vehicles crossing a bridge. Their curved shape helps distribute pressure evenly and reduces wear. There are two main types: spherical curved bearings for rotational movement, and cylindrical curved bearings for both rotational and translational movements.

 

Advantages:

• Long-lasting and durable – Elastomeric pads are built to withstand heavy loads and constant movement, making them highly reliable for long-term use.

• Weather-resistant – These pads can endure extreme environmental conditions, including UV exposure, moisture, and high temperatures.

• Low maintenance – Once installed, elastomeric pads require minimal maintenance compared to mechanical bearing systems.

• Easy installation – Their simple design allows for quick and efficient installation without the need for complex tools or procedures.
   

Disadvantages:

• Higher initial cost – Compared to some traditional alternatives, elastomeric bearing pads can be more expensive upfront.

• Limited performance in cold climates – In very low temperatures, the flexibility of the pad may decrease, affecting its performance.
   

Conclusion:

Installing elastomeric bearing pads is a critical step in modern bridge construction. These pads help prevent structural damage by absorbing movement and reducing stress. Without proper bearing systems, a bridge may suffer from deformation or even structural failure over time. Choosing the right bearing pad not only extends the life of the structure but also ensures the safety of drivers and pedestrians.